ABSTRACT
S99 Table 1SpO2%, sEMGpara%max, respiratory pattern, respiratory rate and Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile scores wearing no mask, a Type IIR surgical face mask and an FFP3 respirator mask. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). * indicates p<0.05 vs ‘no mask’Abbreviations: ti/ttot = the ratio of inspiratory time to total breathing cycle time. sEMGpara%max = neutral respiratory drive quantified using second intercostal space electromyography to measure the surface parasternal intercostal muscle electromyogram, normalised to volitional maximum. MDP = Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile. MDP A1 Breathing Discomfort is measured on a 0 – 10 Scale. MDP Immediate Perception Subdomain Score is the sum of the A1 score and five SQ intensities (SQ1 muscle work/effort, SQ2 air hunger, SQ3 chest tightness, SQ4 mental effort, SQ5 breathing a lot). MDP Emotional Response Subdomain Score is the sum of the five A2 (0–10) emotional response scores (E1 depressed, E2 anxious, E3 frustrated, E4 angry, E5 afraid). MDP Total Score is the sum of A1 Breathing Discomfort and intensities for the five SQs and five emotional responsesConclusionsWearing a SM or FFP3 respirator was associated with small increases in NRD, and an increase in respiratory discomfort when wearing a FFP3 compared to the ‘no mask’ condition. SM and FFP3 respirators did not provoke significant emotional distress, suggesting that the increase in NRD reflects an increase in respiratory effort rather than anxiety or fear.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The direct effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with intestinal failure (IF) has not been described. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide study of UK IF centers to evaluate the infection rates, presentations, and outcomes in patients with types 2 and 3 IF. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients with IF contracted COVID-19 between March and August 2020; this included 26 of 2191 (1.2%) home parenteral nutrition (HPN)-dependent adults and 19 of 298 (6.4%) adults hospitalized with type 2 IF. The proportion of patients receiving nursing care for HPN administration was higher in those with community-acquired COVID-19 (66.7%) than the proportion in the entire HPN cohort (26.1%; P < .01). Two HPN-dependent and 1 hospitalized patient with type 2 IF died as a direct consequence of the virus (6.7% of 45 patients with types 2 or 3 infected). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to describe the outcomes of COVID-19 in a large cohort of patients requiring long-term PN. Methods to reduce hospital and community nosocomial spread would likely be beneficial.